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KEY WORDS: grammaticalization
Abstract: In this paper, we will discribe the grammatical meaning and its syntactic restriction of the auxiliary verbs γar- (this original meaning is ‘to go out’) and its transitive form γarγa- in Khorchin Mongolian. This paper discusses mainly the following two points. Firstly, previous studies described that auxiliary verbs γar-, γarγa- and bara- have a same meaning, that is the completion of the action, but we will insist these three forms have each different meaning. Specifically, the meaning of γar- is to represent the implication of related actions derived from the completion of the preceding action as a precondition, and the meaning of γarγa- is to represent the perceptible change in the object caused by the completion of the preceding action. Secondly, the auxiliary verbs γar- and γarγa- have some syntactic restrictions due to the meanings of the main verb remain in auxiliary verbs. From the above we will conclude γar- and γarγa- are the marked forms in contrast with bara-, and are still in the stage of being less grammaticalized than other auxiliary verb such as bayi- (this original meaning is ‘to be’).
KEY WORDS: subjective and objective category (perspective marking) , conjunct, disjunct
Abstract: First half of this paper focused the brief introduction of egophoricity, which has not been recognized widely. Although verb suffix of -wa of Mongghul is often described as neutral concerning egophoricity (perspective ). Åkerman only maintains it to be an egophoric marker. This paper discussed his claim is adequate examining in terms of flexibility (involvement) .
KEY WORDS: Mongolian, Manchu, Qingwenjian(清文鑑), 18th century, polyglot dictionary
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KEY WORDS: Mongolian, Chinese-Mongolian glossary, Hua-yi yi-yu(華夷譯語), 15th century
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